REVIEW
Biomaterials
with Enhanced Biological Functions for Medical Applications
Reka BALINT 1 , Gertrud Alexandra PALTINEAN 1 , Gheorghe TOMOAIA 2,3 , Daniel OLTEAN-DAN 2 , Aurora MOCANU 1 , Maria TOMOAIA-COTISEL 1,3*
1Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca,
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Centre of Physical
Chemistry, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2 Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and
Pharmacy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 47 General Traian Mosoiu Str.,
Ro-400132, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov,
RO-050044, Bucharest, Romania
*Corresponding author: Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel, mcotisel@gmail.com
maria.tomoaia@ubbcluj.ro
Abstract
Biomaterials and their
use as implant coatings have been evaluated focusing on biocompatibility,
biodegradability and constructive responses in terms of osseointegration, cell
proliferation and cell adhesion. Biomaterials from natural (protein and polysaccharide)
and synthetic (metallic, polymeric, ceramic and composite) sources have been
identified. The role of biomaterials and implant coatings in the body through
in vivo and in vitro experiments has been highlighted. In addition, methods for
activating the surface of implants such as mechanical, chemical and physical
ones are presented, as well as the classification of the deposition procedures
but also of the interactions with the living system. This review addresses a
topic with future challenges and perspectives in the biomedical field with the
well-defined goal of maintaining and enhancing tissue elasticity, facilitating
the healing of diseases suffered by patients and developing innovative
materials capable of replacing or regenerating affected tissues.
Keywords: biomaterials, implants, nanoparticles, cell membrane,
cellular behavior, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering
DOI https://doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscibio.2021.1.90